Application of colour metallography in the examination of ancient metals     

David A. Scott 《文物保护研究》2014,59(2):113-122

The use of colour in the metallographic examination of ancient metals is useful both for research and teaching purposes. Application of different optical methods of examination include: polarized light, with or without a first-order red compensator, and differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC). The use of DIC can be combined with the other techniques mentioned in the text for the examination of etched or unetched metal surfaces, which are best observed microscopically using a metallograph. Colour techniques are now used routinely in industrial metallography, and are available for a variety of metals and alloys. Colour tint etching can be used to enhance grain structure or different phases present in the metallic artefact which may not be visible in conventional etched samples, or which lack optical contrast. Many more applications of these techniques in the examination of ancient metals will be published in the literature as they become better known and second-hand equipment with DIC lenses enter the market at a price suitable for conservation laboratories to purchase them.  相似文献   

The Accumulation of Educational Capital Among Young Blue-Collar Workers in Russia     

G. A. Cherednichenko 《Russian Education & Society》2014,56(8):37-61

Research on young blue-collar workers in Russia indicates that a large percentage of them continue to improve their educational qualifications during the first five years of employment, but that it declines after that time. The two most frequent reasons for upgrading their skills are a desire to leave blue-collar employment, and to increase the chances for promotion to higher skill levels and higher pay.  相似文献   

Case‐based pedagogy as a context for collaborative inquiry in the Philippines     

Elvira L. Arellano  Tessie L. Barcenal  Purita P. Bilbao  Merilin A. Castellano  Sharon Nichols  Deborah J. Tippins 《科学教学研究杂志》2001,38(5):502-528

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential for using case‐based pedagogy as a context for collaborative inquiry into the teaching and learning of elementary science. The context for this study was the elementary science teacher preparation program at West Visayas State University on the the island of Panay in Iloilo City, the Philippines. In this context, triple linguistic conventions involving the interactions of the local Ilonggo dialect, the national language of Philipino (predominantly Tagalog) and English create unique challenges for science teachers. Participants in the study included six elementary student teachers, their respective critic teachers and a research team composed of four Filipino and two U.S. science teacher educators. Two teacher‐generated case narratives serve as the centerpiece for deliberation, around which we highlight key tensions that reflect both the struggles and positive aspects of teacher learning that took place. Theoretical perspectives drawn from assumptions underlying the use of case‐based pedagogy and scholarship surrounding the community metaphor as a referent for science education curriculum inquiry influenced our understanding of tensions at the intersection of re‐presentation of science, authority of knowledge, and professional practice, at the intersection of not shared language, explicit moral codes, and indigenization, and at the intersection of identity and dilemmas in science teaching. Implications of this study are discussed with respect to the building of science teacher learning communities in both local and global contexts of reform. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 502–528, 2001  相似文献   

LEARNING ECONOMICS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: AN INVESTIGATION CONCERNING THE QUALITY AND IMPACT OF EXPERTISE     

Filip J.R.C. Dochy  Martin M.A. Valcke  Leo J.J.M. Wagemans 《Higher Education in Europe》1991,16(4):123-136

This article reflects the results of an investigation involving economics and law students and focusing on the quality and impact of their expertise (or prior knowledge) in relation to the course, Economics and Money. Attention was paid in this project to the construction of different tests intended to grasp the complex nature of prior knowledge at the content level. In relation to the quality of expertise, the results of this project could reveal that economics and law students possess a composite of different expertise components. In relation to the impact of prior knowledge on the acquisition of subject‐oriented knowledge, regression analysis shows that expertise accounts for 16 to 17 percent of the variance in posttest scores. Although this percentage is limited, further analysis could reveal that optimal requisite knowledge and mathematics are important in this perspective. These results are important since they might be helpful in order to guide future initiatives to support students in the initial stages of their studies to cope with the demands of specific domains to be studied. In this study, study time was also used as an independent variable to hypothesize about differences in expertise in the impact on the acquisition of new subject matter. No significant findings could be derived to support hypotheses in this context.  相似文献   

Conducting Rigorous Survey Research in the Study of School-Based Consultation     

Cynthia E. Hazel  Daniel S. Newman  Courtenay A. Barrett 《Journal of educational and psychological consultation》2016,26(2):111-138

The evidence base for school-based consultation practice and training is limited by a small number of studies, possibly due to unique challenges in researching consultation. For example, there are myriad variables to measure and idiosyncratic cultural and contextual factors to account for when investigating what works, for whom, and in what circumstances. Survey methodology offers one means for conducting consultation research. This article proposes a process for rigorous survey research in school-based consultation training and practice, which addresses some potential concerns regarding survey research. Specifically, issues of survey development, survey validation, sampling, and data collection are addressed. These processes are illustrated through the design and administration of an online survey of 262 early career school psychologists; preliminary data analyses suggested strong scale reliability, minimal item response bias, and population representativeness. Recommendations for future consultation survey research are provided.  相似文献   

Les réussites scolaires et les problèmes de la psychologie     

A. A. Smirnov 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1957,3(3):308-321

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Responding to a fiscal crisis: a data‐driven approach     

Trudy W. Banta  A. Katherine Busby  Susan Kahn  Karen E. Black  James N. Johnson 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2007,32(2):183-194

The Division of Planning and Institutional Improvement (PAII) at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis provides for the campus data for academic planning and management, assessment and evaluation services, and progress reports on mission‐critical goals. To respond to a forecast fiscal crisis and support long‐range planning for the Division, staff undertook a survey of deans and other key campus stakeholders to determine which of its services were best‐known and considered most useful for unit‐level planning and decision‐making, especially as these units faced the same projections of severe fiscal constraints. Findings indicated greater awareness and use of PAII data among deans than among other academic leaders and provided important insights into the kinds of data needed most for decision‐making. These outcomes will guide the Division’s future strategies for educating deans and other stakeholders on underused, but potentially useful, services and for selecting new services to offer.  相似文献   

The Effects of Faculty Demographic Characteristics and Disciplinary Context on Dimensions of Job Satisfaction     

Tricia A. Seifert  Paul D. Umbach 《Research in higher education》2008,49(4):357-381

This study applies Kalleberg’s framework to better understand the effects of diverse demographic faculty characteristics on dimensions of job satisfaction. We also extend his work and the work of others to explore the contextual effects of academic disciplines on faculty job satisfaction. We find that women are consistently less satisfied than their male colleagues and that the effect of being female varies by discipline on levels of job satisfaction. We also find race/ethnicity has mixed effects on dimensions of job satisfaction but the effects of race/ethnicity tend to be constant across discipline. Our findings hold important implications for those seeking to understand the experiences of college faculty from diverse demographic backgrounds.  相似文献   

Neglected fathers: Limitations in diagnostic and treatment resources for violent men     

Judith A. Martin Ph.D. 《Child abuse & neglect》1984,8(4):387-392

In its examination of violent activity within the family, current literature assumes a “pecking order” exists: Larger and stronger family members attack those who are smaller and weaker. Adult males are usually studied as primary maltreaters of spouses, while females are considered mainly responsible for physically abusive behavior with children. Use of this perspective has led to neglect of male abusers, who injure half of the mistreated children in the United States. Through assessment of 66 studies of child abuse published during a 5-year period, this paper documents the lack of attention abusive fathers have received. Twenty-eight of these studies included only mothers, while two dealt exclusively with fathers. Most of the 36 remaining two-parent studies did not discuss sex differences. No diagnostic categories consistently differentiated male from female abusers. No study discussed specialized treatment needs of women and men. This survey suggests that the therapeutic field considers the child's mother the primary responsible parent, even though she may not be the perpetrator of violence in the family. As a result, inadequate treatment resources have been made available to maltreating fathers. The survey points to the need for much more comprehensive research comparing male and female maltreaters.  相似文献   

Impact of school-type and sex of the teacher on female students' attitudes toward mathematics in Nigerian secondary schools     

Winifred A. Mallam 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1993,24(2):223-229

The purpose of the study was to identify female students' attitudes toward mathematics when studying under four conditions and to assess the impact of school-type and sex of teacher on students' attitudes toward mathematics. An instrument to measure attitude toward mathematics was administered on a stratified random sample of 240 female students drawn from 5 co-educational and 6 all-girls' secondary schools in Plateau State, Nigeria. The findings suggest that the best environment under which females can learn mathematics is in all-girls' secondary schools where mathematics is taught by female teachers.  相似文献